fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the
same as regular expressions (which are documented in the re module). The
special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
Pattern |
Meaning |
* |
matches everything |
? |
matches any single character |
[seq] |
matches any character in seq |
[!seq] |
matches any character not in seq |
Note that the filename separator ('/' on Unix) is not special to this
module. See module glob for pathname expansion (glob uses
fnmatch() to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with
a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the * and ?
patterns.
-
fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)
Test whether the filename string matches the pattern string, returning true
or false. If the operating system is case-insensitive, then both parameters
will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before the comparison is
performed. If you require a case-sensitive comparison regardless of whether
that’s standard for your operating system, use fnmatchcase() instead.
This example will print all file names in the current directory with the
extension .txt:
import fnmatch
import os
for file in os.listdir('.'):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
print file
-
fnmatch.fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
- Test whether filename matches pattern, returning true or false; the
comparison is case-sensitive.
-
fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)
Return the subset of the list of names that match pattern. It is the same as
[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)], but implemented more efficiently.
New in version 2.2.
-
fnmatch.translate(pattern)
Return the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression.
Example:
>>> import fnmatch, re
>>>
>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
>>> regex
'.*\\.txt$'
>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
>>> print reobj.match('foobar.txt')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>
See also
- Module glob
- Unix shell-style path expansion.